About IMD@150

150 Years of India Meteorological Department (IMD)

Established in 1875, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) is completing 150 years of service on 15th January 2025. IMD is one of the earliest government departments created for systematic observation, regular reporting, and scientific forecasting of weather in the Indian subcontinent.

Evolution of Meteorology in India

The roots of meteorology in India trace back to ancient times. Early philosophical texts like the Upanishads (circa 3000 B.C.) discuss cloud formation, rain processes, and seasonal cycles. Modern meteorology gained a scientific foundation in the 17th century with the invention of the thermometer, barometer, and the formulation of atmospheric gas laws. The first meteorological observatory was established in 1785 at Kolkata (then Calcutta).

Foundation of IMD

The India Meteorological Department was established in 1875 by the Government of India, centralizing meteorological work in the country. Since then, it has contributed significantly to the development of meteorology as a modern physical science. It has continuously upgraded and enhanced its capabilities to improve weather and climate services, contributing to the socio-economic development of the country and the region.